Unlike many other optoelectronic detectors, PM tubes actually have a resolution down to single photons. ” —Karl Marx (1818–1883) Terms related to photomultiplier: Related Subjects. The photomultiplier is an extremely sensitive light detector providing a current output proportional to light intensity. Layers of wavelength shifting plastic strips mounted in between the crystal layers give the axial coordinate. Photomultiplier History. Cur-rently, a wide variety of photomultiplier tubes utilizing the above photocathodes are available. Glukhovskoy. The photomultiplier tube array of a Gamma camera detects the visible light produced by the scintillator, and converts it to a measurable electronic signal.. A series of photomultiplier tubes are mounted behind the scintillation crystal. A photomultiplier tube, useful for light detection of very weak signals, is a photoemissive device in which the absorption of a photon results in the emission of an electron. The results suggest that lowering the PMT gain by a factor of 10 while increasing the NSB level by a similar factor does not significantly affect the PMT performance and ageing behaviour so that detection and offline reconstruction of EASs are still possible. Author's certificate #24040, priority 4 August... V.P. Most often a photocathode is semi-transparent and usually consists of a thin layer of evaporated Cs, Sb, and K atoms (or a mixture of all three). They are made in many different configurations of light-sensitive materials and incident light angles to achieve a high gain and a low noise response in their working range of ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared frequencies.. The OPERA experiment (Oscillation Project with Emulsion tRacking Apparatus) is a long baseline appearance search for νμ→ντ oscillation. It is our tribute to the memory of great Soviet-Russian physicist and engineer Leonid Aleksandrovitch Kubetsky whose life and scientific achievements are described briefly. Get the best deals on Photomultiplier Tubes when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. In this very short note we review some historical aspects of photomultiplier tube invention. On 4 August 1930 Soviet-Russian physicist and engineer L.A. Kubetsky proposed new method and device to amplify weak photocurrents by dozens and hundreds thousands times without using traditional radiolamps [1]. Solid-state photo-detectors are one of the main innovations of past century in the field of sensors. A brief description of KS meson lifetime measurement and determination of upper limit for BR(Ks→3π0) are discussed. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. The surface of a standard silver plating was modified by a two-step treatment. Lubsandorzhieva for careful reading the paper and. Title: On the history of photomultiplier tube invention. • It is photo-emissive device in which absorption of photon results in emission of electron. This fundamental restructuring of the muon trigger system required the development of a system to receive track candidates from the track-finding layer, remove potential duplicate tracks, and forward the best candidates to the global decision layer. To avoid fast ageing, many experiments limit the PMT operation to reasonably low night sky background (NSB) conditions. N.V. Dunayevskaya, V.A. Physics experiments, particularly high energy physics and astroparticle physics experiments, are the most active users of PMTs. For more than sixty years, photomultipliers have been used to detect low-energy photons in the UV to visible range, high-energy photons (X-rays and gamma rays) and ionizing particles using scintillators. His childhood coincided with very hard times in Russian history and was full of hardships and deprivations. Photomultipliers are highly sensitive photon detectors. 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